Ti70合金板的组织与力学性能的各向异性

通过拉伸及低温冲击试验、光学显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射仪,对Ti70合金板的组织与力学性能的各向异性进行了研究。结果表明,Ti70合金板热轧及退火后组织未出现明显差异,退火过程中主要以回复为主,但在高密度位错的剪切带上出现了一定数量的再结晶晶粒。退火态Ti70合金板横向屈服强度及低温冲击吸收能量都高于纵向,但抗拉强度低于纵向,表现出了明显的各向异性。退火后Ti70合金板形成了较强的{0002}基面织构,其晶面法向向RD方向(纵向)偏转±30°,向TD(横向)方向偏转±41°。由于基面织构更向RD方向集中,因此造成了Ti70合金板力学性能的各向异性。     

Low dielectric constant polyimide mixtures fabricated by polyimide matrix and polyimide microsphere fillers

Polyimide microspheres were prepared via non‐aqueous emulsion polymerization by using pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) as anhydride monomer and 2,2‐bis(4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl)propane as amine monomer. The polyimide microspheres were well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, SEM and laser particle size analyzer. They were spherical in shape and monodisperse and their size was 31–33 μm. Polyimide mixtures formed by polyimide microspheres as fillers and polyimide composed of pyromellitic and dianhydride 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) as matrix were investigated with regard to thermal properties, dielectric properties and mechanical properties. With 10%–50% polyimide microspheres in the polyimide mixtures, the dielectric constants were 2.26–2.48 (1 MHz) and the loss tangents were 0.00663–0.00857 (1 MHz), which were both significantly lower than the values for ODA‐PMDA polyimide. The decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature were above 440 and 290 °C. The polyimide mixtures possessed excellent thermal resistance. When the percentage of polyimide microsphere addition was 30%, the polyimide mixtures had the largest tensile strength (128.50 MPa) and elongation at break (9.01%). These results indicate that the polyimide microspheres were used as both low dielectric fillers and reinforcing fillers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

载荷影响下的机电阻抗协整结构损伤识别方法

高频机电阻抗(electromechanical impedance, 简称EMI)方法利用粘贴在结构表面的压电传感器(piezoelectric transducer, 简称PZT)进行主动激励，通过连续监测和分析PZT机电导纳信号的变化评估结构的健康状态；然而EMI方法容易受到环境工况变化的影响，导致结构损伤的误报。针对此问题，采用时间序列协整方法处理及消除结构工作载荷对阻抗谱特征信号的影响。该方法是基于结构动荷载作用下PZT阻抗谱导纳信号的非平稳特征，将动荷载影响下的阻抗谱非平稳时间序列经线性组合变换成平稳时间序列，根据得到的协整余量序列有效判断结构的健康状态。为验证该方法的有效性，开展了动应力影响下铝梁结构的螺栓松动损伤识别实验。结果表明，协整消除了动态应力对EMI方法的影响，当铝梁内存在持续变化的应力时，仍可以准确识别螺栓松动。机电阻抗协整方法能够消除结构健康监测中荷载作用的影响，及时准确地进行结构损伤识别。     

Photophoretic Levitation of Macroscopic Nanocardboard Plates

Scaling down miniature rotorcraft and flapping-wing flyers to sub-centimeter dimensions is challenging due to complex electronics requirements, manufacturing limitations, and the increase in viscous damping at low Reynolds numbers. Photophoresis, or light-driven fluid flow, was previously used to levitate solid particles without any moving parts, but only with sizes of 1–20 µm. Here, architected metamaterial plates with 50 nm thickness are leveraged to realize photophoretic levitation at the millimeter to centimeter scales. Instead of creating lift through conventional rotors or wings, the nanocardboard plates levitate due to light-induced thermal transpiration through microchannels within the plates, enabled by their extremely low mass and thermal conductivity. At atmospheric pressure, the plates hover above a solid substrate at heights of ≈0.5 mm by creating an air cushion beneath the plate. Moreover, at reduced pressures (10–200 Pa), the increased speed of thermal transpiration through the plate's channels creates an air jet that enables mid-air levitation and allows the plates to carry small payloads heavier than the plates themselves. The macroscopic metamaterial structures demonstrate the potential of this new mechanism of flight to realize nanotechnology-enabled flying vehicles without any moving parts in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at the surface of other planets.     

Phase evolution in mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering of AlxCoCrCuFeNi HEAs

ABSTRACT

Al_xCoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloys were synthesised through mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Different alloys were produced by varying the aluminium content (x?=?0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 4). The influences of the milling duration on the evolution of microstructure, constituent phases and morphology were studied. Increasing milling time resulted in grain refinement and higher solid solution homogenisation characterised by a high internal strain. As a consequence of aluminium addition, the microstructure of materials evolved from face centered cubic (FCC) and body centered cubic (BCC) phases to FCC, BCC and ordered BCC phases. Both mechanical alloying and SPS conditions as well as aluminium content led to grain refinement and variations of mechanical properties. In particular, hardness increased with increasing aluminium content. The aluminium percentage and the evolution of consequent phases are responsible for the microstructural stability at high temperatures. In addition, with Al content increase, the further synergy of strength and ductility along with a more pronounced strain hardening was obtained.     

FeCrAl不锈钢包壳管挤压及退火工艺优化

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射和万能拉伸试验机等对FeCrAl合金包壳管挤压前后的微观组织、析出相及退火后的微观组织、析出相、再结晶及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:Nb含量对FeCrAl合金中第二相的析出影响显著,高Nb含量下Laves相的析出温度和析出数量均大大提高;降低挤压温度有助于FeCrAl合金管坯中形成细小弥散第二相;随着退火温度升高,细小弥散相的析出数量呈现先增多后减少的趋势;在相同退火工艺下,800 ℃热挤压管坯的室温力学性能比950 ℃热挤压管坯的室温力学性能要更加优异。     

温轧温度对中碳Cr-Mo钢组织性能的影响

通过SEM、EBSD和拉伸试验研究了温轧温度对中碳Cr-Mo钢组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明:较高温轧温度有利于Cr-Mo钢组织的均匀分布,当轧制温度从500 ℃增加到600 ℃时,铁素体晶粒尺寸由0.424 μm增加到0.490 μm,晶粒尺寸差别不断减小,屈服强度由1380 MPa下降至1062 MPa,在550 ℃轧制试验钢的塑性最好,强塑积最高,为5816 MPa·%。     

The study of palm‐oil‐based bio‐polyol on the morphological,acoustic and mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foams

The focus of this paper was to explore the acoustic properties of flexible polyurethane (FPU) foam modified by palm‐oil‐based polyol (POP). The presence of POP showed a marked influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of FPU foam. A smaller mean pore diameter can be observed at lower POP content. Indeed, the introduction of POP caused a higher closed pore ratio and an increased air‐flow resistivity, which consequently improved the sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss. In particular, the acoustic performance of the all bio‐based FPU foam was enhanced at low frequency, and the density was lower than that of the reference foam. Additionally, the addition of POP also improved the compressive strength. Conversely, the tensile strength of FPU foam declined with increasing POP content. From this study, the outstanding acoustic ability of bio‐based FPU foam has been proved, with additional advantages of lower density and higher compressive strength. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

An efficient approach for prediction of Warburg-type resistance under working currents

In the present study, an efficient approach for the prediction of Warburg-type element is proposed via the analysis of the anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance under various working conditions. The details of the performance, polarization curves, impedance behavior, and species distribution profiles within the electrode are investigated via the combination of equivalent circuit model (ECM) analysis and multiphysics numerical simulations. The multiphysics simulation is developed and calibrated with experimental results of SOFC button cells under various working currents. With the complete datasets generated from the calibrated simulations, the trends of the element parameters involved in equivalent circuit model are analyzed. Generalized empirical functions are proposed as well as the procedures of prediction of performance under different conditions. The verification cases show good agreement between the predicted results from proposed model and the reference results. This proposed approach can be utilized to quickly predict the properties for desired performance in the manufacturing processes, and it also has the potential of reducing the computational cost in the simulation of large SOFCs.     

煤制烯烃含盐废水近零排放技术的应用

与石油、天然气相比，我国煤炭资源更加丰富，发展新型煤化工产业是大势所趋。煤炭和水资源的逆向分布导致煤化工企业所在地水环境问题尤为突出。常规处理工艺难以实现废水达标排放和资源回用目标，需通过特定的近零排放技术工艺，将浓盐水进一步浓缩至盐结晶，产水全部回用，结晶盐外排作为固废处置。本文结合工程实例，介绍了某煤化工项目针对生产过程中产生的含盐废水所采取的近零排放处理工艺技术路线，其主要由含盐废水膜处理单元和浓盐水蒸发结晶单元组成。采用机械蒸汽压缩循环、强制循环降膜蒸发、高效传热和盐种等技术，同时对蒸发结晶近零排放系统进行改进和优化。装置实际运行结果表明：各项工艺参数指标及药剂和能源消耗量均达到设计要求，产水水质达到优质再生水回用标准，实现整套装置长周期稳定运行及废水近零排放目标。